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Scientists Reveal How Mosquitoes Are Able to Smell Humans Even Without Antennae_我的网站

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A | 1月13日，泰国总理佩通坦在政府大楼举行新闻发布会期间与记者交谈。图源/视觉中国1月15日上午，泰国总理佩通坦主持了一场研讨会的开幕式。 Mosquitoes use the body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide that humans emit, varying from person to person, to find their next meal. The study, which was published in the scientific journal Cell, reveals that mosquitoes may perceive odors via a variety of distinct pathways, in contrast to animals, which have a single set of neurons that detect each sort of odor.,Female mosquitoes use the variety of odors that people and other animals produce to find the blood that will feed their eggs. The olfactory neurons in the insects' antennae, which are where they take up scents, detect and send scent information to the brain.,Groups of human-odor receptors on the olfactory neurons in the antennae of female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were rendered inactive by the study's lead author Meg Younger and her colleagues at Boston University in Massachusetts using the gene editing tool CRISPR.,"We found that there’s a real difference in the way mosquitoes encode the odors that they encounter compared to what we’ve learned from other animals,” Younger is quoted as saying in the Guardian report on the findings.,According to Younger, the scientists believed that mosquitoes would adhere to the core tenet of olfaction, which states that each neuron expresses only one type of receptor.,“Instead, what we’ve seen is that different receptors can respond to different odors in the same neuron," she added.,This reportedly suggests that mosquitoes can still detect human odors after losing one or more receptors. The researchers asserted that this backup system may have developed as a survival mechanism.,"The mosquito Aedes aegypti is specialized to bite humans, and it is believed that they evolved to do that because humans are always close to fresh water and mosquitoes lay their eggs in fresh water. We are basically the perfect meal, so the drive to find humans is extremely strong," Younger explained,In the end, the researchers argued, knowing how the mosquito brain perceives human odor could be used to influence biting behavior and stop the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever that are transmitted by those insects.,"One major strategy for controlling mosquitoes is to attract them to traps to remove them from the biting population. If we could use this knowledge to understand how human odor is represented in the mosquito antennae and brain, we could develop blends that are more attractive to mosquitoes than we are. We could also develop repellants that target those receptors and neurons that detect human odor," Younger concluded.,Notably, Christopher Potter at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Maryland recently found a similar phenomenon in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster.,“If one of these types of olfactory receptors is mutated or no longer functioning, there’s this backup system," Potter is quoted as saying in the New Scientist report. “It’s changing the dogma of what we thought we knew about the olfactory system.”,Science & TechSmell of Blood: Mosquitoes' Scent-Based Host-Seeking Mechanism Revealed16 May, 05:54 GMT。会上，她首次公开分享了自己近期遭遇的一次电诈经历，以此警示公众提高防骗意识。

B | 佩通坦表示，她最近接到了一通来自电诈团伙的电话。对方利用AI技术冒充外国领导人，并使用了与该领导人极为相似的声音与其进行通话，同时还通过剪辑和交谈来营造一种真实的氛围。并且，这个诈骗电话所使用的号码，看起来也是正常的号码。佩通坦回忆，她接到这通电诈电话时，首先听到的是“早上好，泰国总理”的问候。

C | 在接下来的交谈中，对方的声音确实就是那位外国领导人的声音。在聊了一会儿之后，对方说到佩通坦尚未就某个项目进行捐款并发来链接，试图让佩通坦通过该链接进行捐款。但这个链接并非指向泰国的捐款页面，而是来自另一个国家的捐赠链接。

D | 佩通坦称，因为声音的相似度极高，自己几乎快要相信对方的身份和说辞了。

E | 佩通坦说，当晚11点，对方再次打来电话，当自己早上醒来看到信息时，感到很震惊，于是便回消息表达了歉意，并预约了再次通话的时间。随后，对方又发来了一段募捐视频，这次她发现，对方发来的转账账户并不是对方所声称国家的账户，而是来自另一个国家，于是怀疑这是一通诈骗电话。之后，她联系了副总理兼数字经济与社会部长，请对方帮忙查看核对，最终确认这是诈骗电话。佩通坦强调，电诈手段变得越来越先进、顺畅和微妙，以至于人们很容易上当受骗。据泰国《民族报》《曼谷邮报》等媒体1月7日报道，泰国数字经济与社会部计划颁布一项紧急法令，以打击日益猖獗的网络诈骗。根据新颁布的法令，所有金融机构和移动通信运营商应加大力度保障用户安全，如用户在享受上述两个行业提供的服务期间遭到诈骗，相关责任方需对用户进行赔偿。